After a workpiece is clamped once on the machining center, the digital control system can control the machine tool to automatically select and change tools according to different processes, automatically change the spindle speed, feed rate, and tool movement trajectory relative to the workpiece, and other auxiliary functions to sequentially complete the machining of multiple processes on several surfaces of the workpiece. It also has multiple tool changing or tool selection functions, thus greatly improving production efficiency.
A vertical machining center refers to a machining center where the spindle axis is set perpendicular to the worktable. It is mainly suitable for machining plate-shaped, disc-shaped, mold-shaped, and small shell-shaped complex parts. Vertical machining centers can perform milling, boring, drilling, tapping, and thread cutting operations. A minimum of three-axis two-linkage machining centers are required, and three-axis three-linkage is generally possible. Some can perform five-axis or six-axis control. The column height of a vertical machining center is limited, which reduces the machining range for box-shaped workpieces; this is a disadvantage of vertical machining centers. However, vertical machining centers offer advantages such as convenient workpiece clamping and positioning; easy observation of the cutting tool's movement trajectory; convenient program debugging, inspection, and measurement; timely detection of problems for shutdown or modification; easy establishment of cooling conditions; and direct access of cutting fluid to the tool and machined surface. Furthermore, the three coordinate axes are aligned with the Cartesian coordinate system, providing a clear and intuitive view consistent with the drawings, and facilitating chip removal and fall-off, preventing scratches on the machined surface. Compared to corresponding horizontal machining centers, they have a simpler structure, smaller footprint, and lower price.